Pinchot's main contribution was his leadership in promoting scientific forestry and emphasizing the controlled, profitable use of forests and other natural resources so they would be of maximum benefit to mankind. By 1897 in 11 Southern and border states the Democratic party held primaries to select candidates. In the early 20th century, there was a rise in political corruption, fraudulent conduct by people in power in the United States. In states where agriculture was the main occupation, farmers often struggled to pay their taxes, especially when crops failed or prices dropped. [138][139] A breakaway group, the National Woman's Party, tightly controlled by Alice Paul, used civil disobedience to gain publicity and force passage of suffrage. [193] Wilson helped end the long battles over the trusts with the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914. [30] Several major foundations aided the blacks in the South and were typically advised by Booker T. Washington. Social change includes the 18th amendment, which responded to rising problems related to alcohol in the 20th century, and banned the sale, manufacturing and transportation of alcohol. Palmer, pointing to leaders like George Norris, says, "It is worth noting that progressivism, whilst temporarily losing the political initiative, remained popular in many western states and made its presence felt in Washington during both the Harding and Coolidge presidencies. The Volstead Act, 1919, defined intoxicating as having alcohol content greater than 0.5% and established the procedures for federal enforcement of the Act. There was significant political and social reform at both the state and national levels. He contributed an article on Progressivism to SAGE Publications. In August they organized the Progressive (" Bull Moose ") Party and named Roosevelt to lead the third-party cause. Ebner, Michael H., and Eugene M. Tobin, eds. ", Reynold M. Wik, "Henry Ford's Science and Technology for Rural America,", George B. Tindall, "Business Progressivism: Southern Politics in the Twenties,", Susan Zeiger, "Finding a cure for war: Women's politics and the peace movement in the 1920s,", J. Stanley Lemons, "The SheppardTowner Act: Progressivism in the 1920s,", Jayne Morris-Crowther, "Municipal Housekeeping: The Political Activities of the Detroit Federation of Women's Clubs in the 1920s,".