The purity of the nanoparticles, surface to volume ratio, chemical composition, aggregation states, crystal planes, stability, nanoparticleprotein interactions, incubation conditions, cell types, cell treatment, and other factors may also contribute to the cellular uptake and distribution. Chem. Clin. This heterogeneity adds another layer of complexity to passive targeting. We also discuss the current challenges and perspectives of nanomaterials in effective cancer management. Int. Int. 2) [32]. The tumor volume as depicted in Fig. Blood-based liquid biopsy: insights into early detection, prediction, and treatment monitoring of bladder cancer. Drug Dev. This increased circulation time can also lead to higher potency and specific antitumor activity. Additionally, the in vivo biodistribution of nanoparticles suggest that the negatively charged particles accumulate in tumor sites more efficiently [110]. Nanotechnology and human health: risks and benefits - PubMed Thus, the nanomaterials used for targeting tumor cells should have the capability of increasing local concentration of the drugs in and around tumor cells, thereby reducing the potential toxicity toward healthy cells [27]. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of Nanotechnology Keywords: The nanoparticle drug delivery system is particular and utilizes tumor and tumor environment characteristics. Over the past 20years, commendable progress has been made in biomedical applications of liposomes improving the therapeutic index of the encapsulated drugs. Macromol. The nanocarriers need to be smaller than the cut-off of the proportions in the neovasculature, with the extravasation to the tumor acutely affected by the size of the vehicle. Many such formulations have been approved [34], opening new avenues toward cancer therapeutics. Thus, nanodiagnostics, defined as the use of nanotechnology . Natl. Sci. In vitro and in vivo effects of IGF1-IONPs (insulin-like growth factor 1-iron oxide nanoparticles) and IGF1-IONPs-doxorubicin on cell proliferation and viability. Cells Nanomed. They point to the fact that just because a material is nanosized, it does not mean it is dangerous, indeed.