Each supervisory authority not acting as the lead supervisory authority should be competent to handle local cases where the controller or processor is established in more than one Member State, but the subject matter of the specific processing concerns only processing carried out in a single MemberState and involves only data subjects in that single Member State, for example, where the subject matter concerns the processing of employees' personal data in the specific employment context of a Member State. Effective protection of personal data throughout the Union requires the strengthening and setting out in detail of the rights of data subjects and the obligations of those who process and determine the processing of personal data, as well as equivalent powers for monitoring and ensuring compliance with the rules for the protection of personal data and equivalent sanctions for infringements in the MemberStates. A certification pursuant to this Article shall be issued by the certification bodies referred to in Article43 or by the competent supervisory authority, on the basis of criteria approved by that competent supervisory authority pursuant to Article58(3) or by the Board pursuant to Article63. Footnotes Guru Nanak Foundation v. Rattan Singh and Sons, AIR 1981 SC 2075. Mutual assistance shall cover, in particular, information requests and supervisory measures, such as requests to carry out prior authorisations and consultations, inspections and investigations. (3)Position of the European Parliament of 12March2014 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and position of the Council at first reading of 8 April 2016 (not yet published in the Official Journal). 1. The communication should describe the nature of the personal data breach as well as recommendations for the natural person concerned to mitigate potential adverse effects. 5. Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards. The controller shall, in addition to providing the information referred to in Articles13 and 14, inform the data subject of the transfer and on the compelling legitimate interests pursued. Profiling is subject to the rules of this Regulation governing the processing of personal data, such as the legal grounds for processing or data protection principles. Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union. This should include: specific processing carried out in the territory of the MemberState of the supervisory authority or with regard to data subjects on the territory of that MemberState; processing that is carried out in the context of an offer of goods or services specifically aimed at data subjects in the territory of the Member State of the supervisory authority; or processing that has to be assessed taking into account relevant legal obligations under MemberState law. 22.021 (West 2010). 3. Notwithstanding paragraph1, MemberState law may require controllers to consult with, and obtain prior authorisation from, the supervisory authority in relation to processing by a controller for the performance of a task carried out by the controller in the public interest, including processing in relation to social protection and public health. The GDPR creates a level playing field for all companies operating in the EU internal market, adopts a technology-neutral approach and stimulates innovation through a number of steps, which include the following. 5. They should relate in particular to compliance with the general principles relating to personal data processing, the principles of data protection by design and by default. Academia Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for academics and those enrolled in higher education.
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