Population growth would begin to increase in the 1920s, as a result of falling mortality. [37] During 14911494, the islands suffered sea piracies from Bahadur Khan Gilani, a nobleman of the Bahamani Sultanate. For more information, visit http://journals.cambridge.org. Slums spread across the city and epidemics of plague added to the already high mortality rates. [67] On 5 November 1817, the British East India Company under Mountstuart Elphinstone[101] defeated Bajirao II, the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, in the Battle of Kirkee which took place on the Deccan Plateau. [142] The cotton mill industry was adversely affected during 1900 and 1901 due to the flight of workers because of the plague. For more than five decades EPW has remained a unique forum that week after week has brought together academics, researchers, policy makers, independent thinkers, members of non-governmental organisations and political activists for debates straddling economics, politics, sociology, culture, the environment and numerous other disciplines. The old wall [155] Bombay was affected by the Great Depression of 1929, which saw a stagnation of mill industry and economy from 1933 to 1939. Castella de Aguada (Fort of the Waterpoint) was built by the Portuguese at Bandra in 1640 as a watchtower overlooking the Mahim Bay, the Arabian Sea and the southern island of Mahim. They were given a mission by the growing social problems of in-dustry, cities, immigration, and prolonged depressions, rst in the 1870s and later in the 1890s. [117] The Victoria Gardens was opened to the public in 1862. [197] According to Mumbai Police, the bombings were carried out by Lashkar-e-Toiba and Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI). [19] The Mauryan presence ended when the Chalukyas of Badami in Karnataka under Pulakeshin II invaded the islands in 610. was at Kirki in November 1817. in the Company militia revolted. [17][24] King Bhimdev founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century[25] and established his capital in Mahikawati (present day Mahim). An important reformer was Mary Carpenter, who wrote factory laws that exemplified Victorian modernization theory of the modern, regulated factory as vehicle of pedagogy and civilizational uplift. Mumbai was lashed by torrential rains on 2627 July 2005, during which the city was brought to a complete standstill. East India Company at the beginning of the century. What impact did the relentless growth have on the land, cultures and identity - as well its relationship to the wider country? In the 19th century ritain imported cotton from India which was transport-ed to Mumbai port by a railway. [180] In December 1992 January 93, over 1,000 people were killed and the city paralyzed by communal riots between the Hindus and the Muslims caused by the destruction of the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya.