If a mutation does not change the resulting protein, then it is called a synonymous mutation. Fitness is often quantifiable and is measured by scientists in the field. We do not collect or store your personal information, and we do not track your preferences or activity on this site. WebGenetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. By chance, some individuals will have more offspring than othersnot due to an advantage conferred by some genetically-encoded trait, but just because one male happened to be in the right place at the right time (when the receptive female walked by) or because the other one happened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time (when a fox was hunting). (All populations of the same species share the same genes; it is the alleles of those genes that may vary.) For example, a beneficial mutation allowed chihuahuas and other tropical-adapted dog breeds to have much thinner fur coats than their cold-adapted cousins the northern wolves, malamutes, and huskies. As you learned in Chapter 3, the DNA code in each gene is translated through three-letter words known as codons. As a result, the light-colored mice would not be selected for a dark coloration because those individuals that began moving in that direction (began being selected for a darker coat) would be less fit than those that stayed light. Females, on the other hand, tend to get a handful of selected matings; therefore, they are more likely to select more desirable males. 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mutations", "beneficial mutation", "UV crosslinking", "DNA repair mechanisms", "autosomal recessive", "xeroderma pigmentosum", "somatic", "spontaneous mutation", "inherited mutation", "point mutation", "cytosine methylation", "non-synonymous mutations", "missense mutation", "Nonsense mutations", "splice site mutation", "insertions", "deletions", "indels", "Frameshift mutations", "transposable elements", "transposons", "DNA transposons", "retrotransposons", "crossover events", "nondisjunction events", "trisomies", "monosomies", "chromosomal translocations", "balanced translocations", "unbalanced translocations", "derivative chromosomes", "Neurofibromatosis Type 1", "NF1", "autosomal dominant", "benign", "neurofibromas", "cutaneous neurofibromas", "plexiform neurofibromas", "caf\u00e9-au-lait spots(CALS)", "asexual reproduction", "sexual reproduction", "population bottleneck", "Cretaceious-Paleogene extinction", "antibiotics", "founder effects", "guevedoces", "5-alpha reductase deficiency", "inbreeding", "Old Order Amish", "Ellis-van Creveld syndrome", "admixture", "hybridization", "Africanized honey bees", "Harlequin ladybeetle", "peppered moth", "directional selection", "balancing selection", "disruptive selection", "malaria", "plasmodium", "peacock", "licenseversion:40", "authorname:explorationsbio", "source@https://explorations.americananthro.org" ], https://socialsci.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fsocialsci.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FAnthropology%2FBiological_Anthropology%2FEXPLORATIONS%253A__An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological__Anthropology%2F04%253A_Forces_of_Evolution%2F4.03%253A_The_Force_of_Evolution, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges, Case Study #1: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1), Sexual Reproduction and Random Inheritance, Directional, Balancing/Stabilizing, and Disruptive/Diversifying Selection, SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REAL PRIMORDIAL CELLSDICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM.
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