In the UK, chavs are sometimes described as aggressive, crude and feral. Unfortunately, each culture also has its share of stereotypes negative and positive about themselves or other cultures. White Americans, for example, were seen as industrious, progressive, and ambitious. Here, Nick Haslam reveals that some social groups are consistently seen as being more animal-like than the rest of us. So, if Americans are seen as brash, then Canadians will position themselves as the polite northern neighbors to contrast themselves. According to Steele, stereotype threat generates spotlight anxiety (Steele & Aronson, 1995, p. 809), which causes emotional distress and vigilant worry that may undermine performance. In the non-threat condition, they were told that the test was simply a problem-solving exercise and was not diagnostic of ability. Signs of Social Class: The Experience of Economic Inequality in Different social classes have different cultures and attributes that can set them apart and, therefore, make them vulnerable to prejudice. Students worry that their future may be compromised by societys perception and treatment of their group, so they do not focus their full attention on the test questions. In Western cultures, individualism is emphasized, and people are expected to take care of their own personal space. For example, poor and working class families, unlike many of their wealthier counterparts, rarely have access to high-quality early childhood education programs that support children's language. These conditions give rise to a more self-focused approach to life, the theory states. Greater inequality is associated with less happiness, lower levels of trust and honesty and lower social connection. Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). Finally, there is the problem of social desirability with questionnaire research people may lie. In a 2005 paper in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology reporting on three studies, Markus and her then-graduate student Alana Conner Snibbe, PhD, showed that college-educated participants were much more upset when they didn't receive an item they had hand-picked than were working-class peers.
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